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Space

The Far Lands

DESCRIPTION: Space is the final frontier, not because its exploration is the pinnacle of human endeavour -- it isn't -- but because it is vast. The third of three pages on Space (one of the Field Nodes comprising the subject tree of The Telson Spur), this page is a list of links to on-line resources on the future of space exploration (including space development, space settlement, and interstellar flight). The coordinate pages, with a common header and List of Contents, contain links to other on-line resources in space science and technology (including the history of space exploration) and links to NASA resources (including resources related to the Space Transport System).

KEYWORDS: space; breakout; frontier; FTL; L5; interstellar flight; interstellar migration; planetary engineering; space colony; space settlement; spaceship; starship; terraforming

As for those who would take the whole world to tinker with as they see fit, I observe that they never succeed.

Lao Tzu

Space can be mapped and crossed and occupied without definable limit; but it can never be conquered.

Arthur C. Clarke

It has always been possible to export bad character and disrespect, but that can be understood as a solution only by misunderstanding the problem.

Wendell Berry

List of Contents
Across the Sea of Stars: Space Science Childhood's End: History of Space Exploration Soviet and Russian Space Programmes Out from the Cradle: Salyut and Mir NASA History: The U.S. Space Program NASA and Manned Space Exploration Imperial Earth: The NASA Crown NASA Centres NASA Resources The Space Transportation System Against the Fall of Night: The Final Frontier

List of Contents

Against the Fall of Night: The Final Frontier It is possible to believe that all the past is but the beginning of a beginning, and that all that is and has been is but the twilight of the dawn. It is possible to believe that all that the human mind has ever accomplished is but the dream before the awakening... A day will come, one day in the unending succession of days, when beings, beings who are now latent in our thoughts and hidden in our loins, shall stand upon this earth as one stands upon a footstool, and shall laugh and reach out their hands amidst the stars. H. G. Wells (The Discovery of the Future, 1902) To think of these stars that you see overhead at night, these vast worlds which we can never reach. I would annex the planets if I could; I often think of that. It makes me sad to see them so clear and yet so far. Cecil Rhodes (Last Will and Testament, 1902) He [the character Weston] was a man obsessed with the idea which is at this moment circulating all over our planet in obscure works of "scientifiction," in little Interplanetary Societies and Rocketry Clubs, and between the covers of monstrous magazines, ignored or mocked by the intellectuals, but ready, if ever the power is put into its hands, to open a new chapter of misery for the universe. It is the idea that humanity, having now sufficiently corrupted the planet where it arose, must at all costs contrive to seed itself over a larger area: that the vast astronomical distances which are God's quarantine regulations, must somehow be overcome. This for a start. But beyond this lies the sweet poison of the false infinite -- the wild dream that planet after planet, system after system, in the end galaxy after galaxy, can be forced to sustain, everywhere and for ever, the sort of life which is contained in the loins for our own species -- a dream begotten by the hatred of death upon the fear of true immortality... C. S. Lewis (Voyage to Venus, 1943) There are too many stars in some places and not enough in others, but that can be remedied presently, no doubt. Mark Twain (Eve's Diary) ACT Advanced Concepts Team (European Space Agency) Ad Astra (US National Space Society) -- Ad Astra Online SPACE.com Ad Astra Magazine: Astrobiology Expanded Edition Ad astra! To the stars! (Sidney Perkowitz, Physics World, 12 Jan 2012) Advanced Automation for Space Missions (NASA, 1982) Advanced Propulsion Concepts (Advanced Propulsion Technology Group, JPL) Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory (NASA Human Space Flight) Advanced Space Transportation (Marshall SFC) Advanced Warp Physics (Edward Halerewicz, Jr.) The Advent of Clean Nuclear Fusion: Superperformance Space Power and Propulsion (Robert W. Bussard, 57th International Astronautical Congress, Valencia, Spain, Oct 2006) PDF Affordable Space Flight After Earth: Why, Where, How, and When We Might Leave Our Home Planet (Ben Austen, Popular Science, 16 Mar 2011) Against the Empire (Milan M. Cirkovic, arXiv:0805.1821v1 [astro-ph], 13 May 2008) Alex Michael Bonnici's Space Exploration Page Antimatter Space Propulsion at Penn State University (Gerald A. Smith et al.) Applied Space Resources, Inc. The Apollo Society Home Page ARC | Alliance to Rescue Civilization (William E. Burrows & Robert Shapiro et al., New York) The Archimedes Institute The Architecture of Artificial-Gravity Environments for Long-Duration Space Habitation (Theodore Wayne Hall, 1994) The Artemis Project (Artemis Society International) The Arthur C. Clarke Foundation The Asimov Project (Greg Goebel) The Association of Space Explorers Asteroid.net (Matt Clairday) Asteroids Near Earth : Retrieval for Materials Utilization (Mark Prado) Astrazoic, The Space Philosophy and Art of Phil Smith The Astrobiology, Extreme Environments and Terraformation Index (David J. Thomas) The Astrobiology Web | Terraforming Astrophysics of Wormholes (N. S. Kardashev et al., astro-ph/0610441, 15 Oct 2006, revised) At Heaven's Gate: 50 Years After Humans First Reached Space, What Frontiers Remain? (John Matson, Scientific American, 12 Apr 2011) The Atlantica Expeditions: First Undersea Colony (Claudia S. & Dennis Chamberland et al., League of the New Worlds, US) Atomic Rockets (Wayne Smith) Atomic Rockets (Winchell Chung, Project Rho) Beyond Earth (Gunjan Gupta, Austin, Texas) Beyond the Moon: A New Roadmap for Human Space Exploration in the 21st Century (James Bell et al., The Planetary Society, Nov 2008) PDF Bigelow Aerospace: Commercial Spacecraft and Complexes (Robert Bigelow et al., Las Vegas) Bioastronautics Critical Path Roadmap (NASA) Biology and the Future of Mars (Christopher P. McKay, QCShow Author Lecture of the Week, 31 Jul 2006) Biosphere 2 (Alex Theberge) Biosphere 2 Center (Columbia U) Blue Origin (Jeff Bezos et al.) Breakthrough Propulsion Physics (Marc G. Millis et al., LeRC) Brian's Views on Time Travel and Interdimensional Voyages (Brian Bosak) Brian Walker, Rocket Guy: Project R.U.S.H. ... A Brief History of Time Travel (Ronald L. Mallett, WGBH Forum Network, Boston, 5 Apr 2002) Bristol Spaceplanes Limited (Bristol, England) Building a True Interstellar Probe (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 10 Jan 2008) Buzz Aldrin's Official Website Canadian Alumni of the International Space University Canadian Arrow Project (Geoffrey Sheerin et al.) Can Project Orion Be Re-Born? (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 15 Nov 2011) The Case for Mars Centauri Dreams: Imagining and Planning Interstellar Exploration (Paul Gilster) Center for Future Human Evolution (Dallas, Texas) Challenger Center OnLine: Pat Rawlings' Gallery Challenges facing the human exploration of Mars (David Scott, Royal Society, London, 5 May 2004) Chaplygin traversable wormholes (Francisco S. N. Lobo, gr-qc/0511003, 1 Nov 2005, revised) The cheap way to the stars - by escalator (David Adam, The Guardian, 13 Sep 2003) Chris Van DenBroeck on Warp Drive (21 May 1999) ChView: 3-D Star Maps (Jo Grant & Ben Lin) Climate Engineering (Ben Matthews) Colonizing the Galaxy Using World Ships (Kelvin Long & Pat Galea, Centauri Dreams, 31 Aug 2011) Colony Worlds (blog, Darnell Clayton) Commercial Space Transportation (U.S. Federal Aviation Administration) Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space | COPUOS (UN Office for Outer Space Affairs) Conformally symmetric traversable wormholes (Christian G. Boehmer et al., arXiv:0708.1537v1 [gr-qc], 11 Aug 2007) Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems CONTACT: Cultures of the Imagination CONTACT: Cultures of the Imagination (Nancy Zuidema, Contact Consortium) The Continuum Forum (Angus T. K. Wong et al.) Cosmochemistry and Human Exploration (G. Jeffrey Taylor, Planetary Science Research Discoveries, 23 Dec 2004) Cosmos One (Cosmos Studios) Cosmos 1: The First Solar Sail (The Planetary Society) -- CD C-ship: Relativistic ray traced images (John Walker) The da Vinci Project (Brian Feeney et al.) Designing for Human Presence in Space (Paul O. Wieland, MSFC) Destination: Space (Diana Botsford et al.) The Discovery Enterprise (blog by Ralph Buttigieg Chamberland & Alex Michael Bonnici) Diversifying our planetary portfolio (Nader Elhefnawy, The Space Review, 6 Aug 2007) Dyson Sphere FAQ (Anders Sandberg, et al.) Earth and Space Foundation Home Page (Cambridge) The "Earth Plus" Concept and Other Things (James E. D. Cline) Earth-Track-Controllers (U.S./Japan) The Efficient Future of Deep-Space Travel--Electric Rockets (Edgar Y. Choueiri, 'New Dawn for Electric Rockets,' Scientific American 300:2:58-65, Feb 2009) Electron Cyclotron Emission Diagnostics of the VASIMR Plasma Rocket (Ryan Munden, Stetson University, 2001) PDF Electrostatic Climber for Space Elevator and Launcher (Alexander Bolonkin, arXiv:0705.1943v1 [physics.gen-ph], 14 May 2007) Elevator 2010 - The Space Elevator (Spaceward Foundation) EMC2 Fusion Development Corporation (Robert W. Bussard et al.) Emerging Possibilities for Space Propulsion Breakthroughs (Marc G. Millis, Interstellar Propulsion Society Newsletter 1:1, July 1995) An Empirical Critique of Two Versions of the Doomsday Argument -- Gott's Line and Leslie's Wedge (Elliott Sober, Synthese 135, 2003) PDF Encounter 2001: The Millennial Voyage Energy Extraction from a Kerr Black Hole - An Ultimate Power Source in the Universe? (Amir Levinson, astro-ph/0502346, 17 Feb 2005, revised) Entering the Age of Sail (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 30 Aug 2011) The Environmental Crisis and NASA's Proposal (Paul B. Dennis) ESA Portal - Expanding Frontiers (European Space Agency) ESA Portal - Life in Space Escape of black holes from the brane (Antonino Flachi & Takahiro Tanaka, hep-th/0506145, 17 Jun 2005) Europe's Plan to Simulate the Entire Planet (The Physics arXiv Blog, Technology Review, 30 Apr 2010) Exact relativistic 'antigravity' propulsion (F. S. Felber, gr-qc/0505099, 6 Jun 2005) PDF Expedition Mars: Mars Expedition Research Council (Mars Society of Canada) Experts Brainstorm Humanity's Future (Review by Johannes Hirn of conference on "The Future of Human Life in the Universe," held near Harvard University, 1-2 May 2009; Sky & Telescope Weekly Bulletin, 7 May 2009) Exploring the Galaxy using space probes (Rasmus Bjoerk, astro-ph/0701238, 9 Jan 2007) Exploring Space: The Quest for Life (Scott Pearson & Alice Ideda et al., KCTS Television/NHK Japan, 2006) Exploring Space with Chip-sized Satellites (Mason Peck, IEEE Spectrum , Aug 2011) Extropy Institute Extropy Institute Portal: Exelsior! Far Future Calling (Alex Michael Bonnici et al., Yahoo! Tech Groups) Far Future Calling (blog, Alex Michael Bonnici et al.) The Feasibility of Shading the Greenhouse with Dust Clouds at the Stable Lunar Lagrange Points (Curtis Struck, astro-ph/0701513, 17 Jan 2007) Federation of Galaxy Explorers (US) Female Frontiers (NASA) The Final Frontier: The Science of Star Trek (Lawrence Krauss, interviewed by Adam Hadhazy, Scientific American, 6 May 2009) F.I.N.D.S. The Foundation for the International Non-governmental Development of Space (Rick N. Tumlinson et al.) 1st floor: haberdashery, curtains. 35,780th floor: satellite in space (Arthur C. Clarke, The Times Online, London, 24 Sep 2005) The Flight of Icarus: Abridged (Andreas Tziolas ed. Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 18 Mar 2011) Footprints on Mars (Scott Green et al., ThinkQuest) Forever Bound - Bringing Space to People and People to Space (William M. Boland Jr. et al.) 4Frontiers Corporation (Joseph Palaia et al., New Port Richey, Florida) The Fourth Planet (Stuart A. Kingsley) Freeluna.com (Bill Clawson) Friends of the Lunar Replicator Home Page (Paul B. Dennis et al., U.S.) From Mir to Mars (Scientific American Frontiers, PBS) From Social Data Mining to Forecasting Socio-Economic Crisis (Dirk Helbing & Stefano Balietti, arXiv:1012.0178 [cs.CY], 1 Dec 2010, revised) Frontier Organizations on the Web (Alexander Chislenko) Furoshiki & RobySpace (ESA's ACT Power Systems) A Future History (Marc Millis, ed. Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 3 Jan 2012) Future Human Evolution Gateway (Bradley LaChance, Dallas, Texas) The Future of Evolution (Freeman Dyson, Metanexus Bios, 13 Oct 2005) FutureSpace Home Page Future Space Propulsion Based on Heim's Theory (Walter Dröscher & Jochem Hauser, Institut fur Grenzgebiete der Wissenschaft, Innsbruck, Austria, 2003) PDF Future X (NASA Space Transportation Programs Office) FuturICT: FuturIcT (ETH, Zurich) The FuturIcT Knowledge Accelerator: Unleashing the Power of Information for a Sustainable Future (Dirk Helbing, arXiv:1004.4969 [physics.soc-ph], 28 Apr 2010, revised) The Gagaringrad Tales (J. Riley) Gaining Meaning and Purpose from Seven Aspects of Reality (Allen Tough, Ultimate Reality and Meaning 9(4):291-300, Dec 1986) PDF The Genesis Project (Astrobiology Magazine) Geoffrey A. Landis - Scientific Papers on the Web Globus Cassus (Boris Groys et al.) Google Lunar X Prize (X Prize Foundation) -- Google sponsors $30 million Moon landing prize (Matthew Busse, Reuters, New Scientist, 13 Sep 2007) -- The New Moon Race (Ralph Buttigieg, The Discovery Enterprise, 14 Sep 2007) -- X Prize: 'We like the moon' (Daniel Cressey, The Great Beyond, 14 Sep 2007) -- Google Shoots for the Moon (Andrew Lawler, ScienceNOW Daily News, 14 Sep 2007) A Gravitational Tractor for Towing Asteroids (Edward T. Lu & Stanley G. Love, astro-ph/0509595, 20 Sep 2005) Gravity Control Technologies Greater Earth The Great Filter - Are We Almost Past It? (Robin Hanson, 15 Sep 1998) Great Terraforming Debate (Astrobiology Magazine, 14-22 Jun 2004) The Guardians of the Millennium (Vicki Lynn) HEDS-UP - Human Exploration and Development of Space (LPI) Heim Quantum Theory for Space Propulsion Physics (Walter Dröscher & Jochem Hauser, Institut fur Grenzgebiete der Wissenschaft, Innsbruck, Austria, 2005) PDF The High Frontier (Mitchell Porter) HighLift Systems | An Elevator to the Stars (Seattle) Highway to Space: Advanced Space Transportation Program A Hoist to the Heavens (Bradley Carl Edwards, IEEE Spectrum Online, Aug 2005) How Space Elevators Will Work (Kevin Bonsor, HowStuffWorks) HPCC-Space GmbH (Joachem Hauser et al.) Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS) Human Exploration of Mars: The Reference Mission of the NASA Mars Exploration Study Team (ed, Stephen J. Hoffman & David L. Kaplan, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Jul 1997) Humans in the Cosmos (blog, Neil Paul Cummins) Humans in Space: Goals, Strategy and Technology Options (Paul Werbos) Human Space Flight (HSF) - Exploring Mars (NASA) Humans to Mars (MarsNews.com) Huntsville Alabama L5 Society Icarus Research: Wormhole Physics (Michel T. Talbot) Icarus: Revisiting the Daedalus Starship (Kevin Long, Centauri Dreams, 19 Mar 2009) Ice Tire Space Ship (Anthony Zuppero & Joseph Lewis) The "Imaginary" World of Warp Drive (Kenneth Jones) Imagine Mars Home Page (JPL) Implications of Computerized Intelligence on Interstellar Travel (Keith Wiley, H+ Magazine, 23 Sep 2011) -- A Machine-Driven Way to the Stars (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 27 Sep 2011) In the Heavens as it is on Earth: Astrobiology and the Human Prospect (William Grassie, Global Spiral, 2 Apr 2009) Innovative Explorer Mission to Interstellar Space (Mike Gruntman et al., Missions to the outer solar system and beyond, Fourth IAA Symposium on Realistic Near-Term Advanced Space Missions, Aosta, Italy, 4-6 Jul 2005) PDF Innovative Interstellar Probe: A Mission to Interstellar Space (Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory) In-Space Propulsion (NASA) Instrumentation for interstellar exploration (Mike Gruntman, Advances in Space Research 34:204-12, 2004) PDF Intelligent Life in the Universe: What Role Will It Play in Our Future? (Allen Tough, 1991) The International Agency for the Development of Mars (Jeff Brooks, The Space Review, 11 Dec 2006) International Public Space Initiative Foundation International Space Law (UN Office for Outer Space Affairs) The International Space Sciences Organization (Joe Firmage et al.) International Space University (Strasbourg, France) Interplanetary Internet (SpaceRef) Interstellar Ark (Strange Paths, 14 Feb 2007) The Interstellar Conundrum Reconsidered (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 20 Aug 2008) Interstellar Flight (Greg Goebel) The Interstellar Probe (Steve Suess) Interstellar Probe Project (JPL) Interstellar-probes.org (Scot L. Stride) Interstellar Travel (NASA MSFC) Interstellar Travel By Means of Wormhole Induction Propulsion (Eric W. Davis) PDF Interstellar Travel: Methods of (Nathan Millard) Interview with Dr. Bradley Edwards (Keithcu.com, 14 Oct 2005) IPN - InterPlaNetary Internet Project (Internet Society) IPS - Interstellar Propulsion Society ISECCo Home Page (International Space Exploration and Colonization Co., Fairbanks, Alaska) Island One Society Islands in Space: The Challenge of the Planetoids, the Pioneering Work of Dandridge M. Cole (Alex Michael Bonnici, The Discovery Enterprise, 8 Aug 2007) Is the Space Age Over? (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 6 Jul 2011) Is a space elevator worth its weight in diamonds? (Sam Dinkin, The Space Review, 23 Jul 2007) ITSF - Innovative Technologies From Science Fiction For Space Applications (ESA) Japan hopes to turn sci-fi into reality with elevator to the stars (Leo Lewis, The Times, 22 Sep 2008) Journal of Advanced Propulsion Methods (Transtator Industries) Journal of Applied Treknology (Bernd Schneider) Journal of Evolution and Technology (ed. James Hughes, Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies) Jupiter Brain Information Sources (Robert Bradbury) Kansas City Space Pirates (Brian Turner et al.) Landing screw-rockets array on asteroids, digging soil and fueling engines in phase, to overcome the spin and to fly in space (Daniele Fargion, arXiv:0705.1805v1 [astro-ph], 12 May 2007) Larry Russell Kellogg The Last Frontier: Exploration and Settlement (Stephen Souter, Sidney, Australia) L5 News (L5 Society, Sep 1975 - Apr 1987) Life at the Limits of Physical Laws (Robert J. Bradbury, 2001) Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity (Minden, Nevada) Life, The Universe, and Nothing (Lawrence M. Krauss & Glenn D. Starkman) LiftPort Group Inc. | The Space Elevator Companies (Michael Lane et al., Seattle) LiftWatch.org: Space Elevator News (Victoria, British Columbia) Living on Green Islands in Space (Henry Kluytmans) The Living Universe Foundation (Denver, Colorado) Longevity of the Human Spaceflight Program (J. Richard Gott III in Edward Belbruno, ed., New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications III, AIP Conference Proceedings v886, 2007) PDF The Long-Term Future of Space Travel (Jeremy S. Heyl, astro-ph/0509268, 9 Sep 2005, revised) LunaCorp Luna Gaia: A closed-loop habitat for the moon (Final Report) (SSP 2006 Team Project, International Space University, Strasbourg, 7 Sep 2007) PDF -- Luna Gaia (Carolyn Barry, The Discovery Enterprise, 12 Oct 2007) 'Lunar Ark' could preserve civilisation, group says (David Shiga, New Scientist Space Blog, 20 Aug 2007) Lunar Institute of Technology The Lunar Reclamation Society Lunar Republic Society (New York) Lunar Resources (R. Mark Elowitz, Las Cruces, New Mexico) The Lunar Resources Company Machines Like Us | Science at the speed of thought (blog) Mankind's Future (Intermetrics) March For Space (Elaine Walker et al., US National Space Society) Mars Academy Mars Direct Art Page (Ken Fair) Mars Direct Home Page (Harold Miller) Mars: The Future (from The Fifth International Conference on Mars, 18-23 Jul 1999, Pasadena, California) The Mars Homestead Project (Mars Society) Mars Institute (Pascal Lee & Marc Boucher, et al., Vancouver, BC) The Mars Millennium Project (U.S.) MarsNews.com - NewsWire for the New Frontier (Jim Burk et al.) MarsNews.com - Terraforming Mars Online Conference Mars or bust? (Bob McDonald, Quirks & Quarks, CBC News, 20 Sep 2007) Mars Settlement Design Competition (NASA Johnson SC) The Mars Society (Harold Miller & Robert Zubrin) -- Caltech/JPL Chapter -- MIT Chapter -- Seattle/Puget Sound Chapter The Mars Society - Australian Chapter The Mars Society Canada -- Toronto Chapter (TO-Mars) -- Victoria Chapter The Mars Society UK Martin Tajmar (TU Vienna) Matrioshka Brains (Robert J. Bradbury) Mayflower - Rocket Ride into Space with the Civilian Astronauts Corps Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam (T. Adam et al., the OPERA Collaboration, arXiv:1109.4897v1 [hep-ex], 22 Sep 2011) -- Particles Found to Travel Faster than Speed of Light (Geoff Brumfiel & Nature magazine, Scientific American, 22 Sep 2011) -- On Neutrinos and the Speed of Light (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 23 Sep 2011) -- OPERA experiment reports anomaly in flight time of neutrinos from CERN to Gran Sasso (CERN Press Release, 23 Sep 2011) -- Do neutrinos move faster than the speed of light? (Hamish Johnston, Physics World, 23 Sep 2011) -- Faster-than-light neutrinos show science in action (Kelly Oakes, Basic Space, Scientific American Blog, 23 Sep 2011) -- The SN 1987A Experiment (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 24 Sep 2011) Megascale Engineering (Anders Sandberg) Megascale and Spacetime Engineering (Mitchell Porter) Megastructures in Science Fiction (Ross Smith) Microwave Sciences Papers (James N. Benford et al.) Millennialism at the Singularity: Reflections on Metaphors, Meanings, and the Limits of Exponential Logic (William Grassie, Global Spiral, 5 Nov 2009) Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion - M2P2 (R. M. Winglee et al.) Misconceptions Regarding SETI, Dyson Spheres and the Fermi Paradox (Robert J. Bradbury, 2000) Mission: Mars (Wm. H. Clark II) MNTD Program: Micro & Nanospacecraft Technology Development (JPL) Molecular Construction Limits (Robert J. Bradbury) Molecular Manufacturing Shortcut Group (MMSG) The MoonMars Workshop Initiative (Douglas K. R. Robinson et al., Space Generation Forum) Moon Miners' Manifesto (Lunar Reclamation Society) Moon Resort and Casino: Building a Dream (Michael R. Henderson) Motion Sciences Organization (Joseph P. Firmage et al.) Multi-Bounce Laser-Based Sails (Robert A. Metzger & Geoffrey Landis) Nanotechnology and Space (Thomas Lawrence McKendree) NASA Advanced Concepts Office Program NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate: Moon, Mars & Beyond NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts NASA JSC Advanced Life Support Program (Jennifer M. Shah) NASA Lewis Deep Space-1 (David M. DeFelice) NASA NStars Database (Nearby Stars Project) -- The NStars Spectra Homepage (Appalachian State University) NASA's Future: The Vision for Space Exploration (ed. Jim Wilson, NASA Missions) National Space Biomedical Research Institute (US) National Space Settlement Design Competition The National Space Society (U.S.) -- New York City Chapter NAU Solar System Simulation (Reed D. Riner) Near-Earth Asteroid Resources (R. Mark Elowitz, SEDS) New and Improved Antimatter Spaceship for Mars Missions (Bill Steigerwald, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 14 Apr 2006) New Mars - A Journal of the Martian Frontier (Mars Society) New Millennium Program (NASA) The NEW Space: Now or Never Next Generation and Experimental Aircraft (NASA Spacelink) No realistic wormholes from ghost-free scalar-tensor phantom dark energy (Kirill A. Bronnikove et al., gr-qc/0612032, 5 Dec 2006) NOVA | Einstein's Big Idea | Time Traveler (PBS) NOVA Online | Time Travel Novel Payload Dynamics on Space Elevator Systems (Colin R. Mcinnes & Chris Davis, 56th International Astronautical Congress, Fukuoka, Japan, Oct 2005; cf. 'The Orbital Siphon: A New Space Elevator Concept,' Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 59(10):368-74, Oct 2006) PDF Nuclear and future flight propulsion (George Schmidt, Aerospace America, Dec 2001) PDF NuclearSpace: The Pro-Nuclear Space Movement Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (FAS) OASIS | Organization for the Advancement of Space Industrialization and Settlement (Los Angeles NSS) Offering Funds, U.S. Agency Dreams of Sending Humans to Stars (Dennis Overbye, New York Times, 17 Aug 2011) -- The Times and the Starship (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 19 Aug 2011) Office of Space Commercialization (U.S. Department of Commerce) On the Habitability of Mars: An approach to planetary ecosynthesis (M. M. Averner & R. D. Macelroy, NASA SP-414, 1 Jul 1976) PDF On a macroscopic traversable spacewarp in practice (Mohammad Mansouryar, gr-qc/0511086, 16 Nov 2005, revised) 100 Year Starship Study (DARPA/NASA Ames Research Center) -- 100 Year Starship Meeting: A Report (Marc Millis, Centauri Dreams, 28 Jan 2011) -- A Look Inside the 100 Year Starship Idea (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 16 Jun 2011) -- Heinlein and the 100 Year Starship Study (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 15 Aug 2011) Optimizing Interstellar Mission Costs (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 12 Dec 2011) Orbital Sciences Corporation An Orbital Siphon (Chris Davis, UK, 1997) The orbital tower: a spacecraft launcher using the Earth's rotational energy (Jerome Pearson, Acta Astronautica 2:785-89, 1975) PDF Orion's Arm (M. Alan Kazlev et al., Melbourne) The OURS Foundation (Arthur R. Woods et al.) Outside Dyson Shells (Erik Max Francis) Oxygen Generator System (K. R. Sridhar et al., Space Technologies Laboratory) Pair Creation Constrains Superluminal Neutrino Propagation (Andrew G. Cohen & Sheldon L. Glashow, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 181803, 27 Oct 2011) Parallel universes, the Matrix, and superintelligence (Michio Kaku, interviewed by Amara D. Angelica, KurzweilAI.net, 26 Jun 2003) The Park hypothesis (Michael Huang, The Space Review, 30 May 2006) PERMANENT (Mark Prado et al., Projects to Employ Resources of the Moon and Asteroids Near Earth in the Near Term) Perspectives on Detonation-Based Propulsion (Victor Yang, ed., Journal of Propulsion and Power (Sample Issue) 22(6), 2006) Phantom energy traversable wormholes (Francisco Lobo et al., gr-qc/0502099, 23 Feb 2005, revised) Physical Principles of Advanced Space Propulsion (Walter Dröscher & Jochem Hauser, Institut fur Grenzgebiete der Wissenschaft, Innsbruck, Austria, Jul 2002) PDF The PI Club - Perigrinus Interstellar (Tibor Pacher et al.) Planetary Engineering Bibliography (Martyn J. Fogg) The Planetary Society -- Australian Volunteer Coordinators Homepage (Horst Summer) The Planetary Society's Cosmos 1 Solar Sail Weblog (Emily Lakdawalla) Planet Disassembly (Robert J. Bradbury) Planet MARS Home Page (Tom Gunn) PlanetSpace (Geoff Sheerin & Chirinjeev Kathuria, Canadian Arrow) Possibility Is Thrust of 100-Year Starship Study (Kenneth Chang, 17 Oct 2011) -- The Joy of Extreme Possibility (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 19 Oct 211) The Preparation: Space colonization, transhumans, nanotechnology (Rex Stephens, Flagstaff, Arizona) President Bush Announces New Vision for Space Exploration Program (White House, 14 Jan 2004) -- Aldridge Commission Report: A Journey to Inspire, Innovate and Discover (Edward C. "Pete" Aldridge, Jr., et al., Report of the President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy, Arlington, Virginia, 16 Jun 2004) PDF -- Archive of the original web site (UNT CyberCemetery) -- Debating the Aldridge report (Jeff Foust, The Space Review, 30 Aug 2004) Prior Visions of Star Flight (Marc Millis, ed. Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 29 Dec 2011) Problems with Warp Drive Examined (Paul Karl Hoiland, 9 Sep 2004) PDF Project Daedalus - Origins (Jupiter Moon) Project Icarus (Icarus Interstellar) -- Icarus Eyes Interstellar Symposium (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 9 Aug 2011) Project Icarus: Extreme Aerospace Engineering (K. F. Long, Centauri Dreams, 21 Oct 2011) Project Longshot: Fast Probe to Centauri (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 6 Feb 2008) Project Orion (Adrian E. Mann, UK) Project Orion (The Space Center) Project Orion (Wayne Smith) Project Orion: Its Life, Death, and Possible Rebirth (Michael Flora) Project Orion Online Message Board (ProBoards) Project Prometheus (Boeing) Project Prometheus (NASA - Exploration Systems) Project Prometheus (NASA Nuclear Systems Initiative) Propulsion (Island One) Propulsion Systems of the Future (NASAexplores, 15 May 2003) Propulsion Through Electromagnetic Self-Sustained Acceleration (Vesselin Petkov, physics/9906059, 29 Jun 1999, revised) ProSpace: The Citizen's Space Lobby Quantum Cavorite: Podkletnov (Peter L. Skeggs) QuantumLimit.com | Permanent Human Settlement of the Earth, Space and Ocean Frontiers (blog, Dennis Chamberland's Science and Exploration Today) Quantum Vacuum Forces Project (G. Jordan Maclay et al.) Radiation and Long-Term Space Flight (NASA National Space Biomedical Research Institute) Rapid Mars Transits With Exhaust-Modulated Plasma Propulsion (Franklin R. Chang-Diaz et al., NASA Technical Paper 3539, Mar 1995) PDF Reality check for starships (Alan Boyle, Cosmic Log, 2 Nov 2011) -- Millis: Of Time and the Starship (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 4 Nov 2011) RedColony.com - The Future of Mars Today (Alex Moore) Redesigning Living Organisms for Mars (Amy Grunden & Wendy Boss, QCShow Author Lecture of the Week, 14 Aug 2006) A Relativistic Probe to Alpha Centauri (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 10 Jul 2006) Relativity and FTL Travel Homepage (Jason W. Hinson) Resources from Space (Harrison H. Schmitt, NEEP 602/Geology 376 Course Notes, Univ. of Wisconsin) REVCON - Revolutionary Concepts (NASA) A Risk Reduction Strategy for Human Exploration of Space: A Review of NASA's Bioastronautics Roadmap (ed. David Longnecker & Ricardo Molins, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 2006) Robert Bradbury Home Page Robotic Lunar Ecopoeisis Testbed (Paul Todd, QCShow Author Lecture of the Week, 7 Aug 2006) Rocketplane Limited, Inc. (Mitchell Burnside Clapp et al.) Romance to Reality: Moon & Mars Expedition & Settlement Plans (David S. F. Portree) SailAway R/D Project (Alfred Differ) Science Fiction and the Interstellar Idea (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 18 Nov 2011) SCPS Home (Space Communications Protocol Standard) SEDS (Students for the Exploration and Development of Space) The SEEDS Project - Sending Seeds of Life into Space (Arthur R. Woods) Self sustained phantom wormholes in semi-classical gravity (Remo Garattini & Francisco S. N. Lobo, arXiv:gr-qc/0701020, 2 Jan 2007, revised) Self Sustained Traversable Wormholes? (Remo Garattini, gr-qc/0501105, 31 Jan 2005) Self sustained traversable wormholes and the equation of state (Remo Garattini, gr-qc/0701019, 2 Jan 2007) Sentient Developments: Transhumanist Perspectives on Science, Philosophy, History, and the Future of Intelligent Life (George P. Dvorsky) SETI politics (Gregory Anderson, The Space Review, 6 Sep 2005) SETI, the Velocity-of-Light Limitation, and the Alcubierre Warp Drive (H. E. Puthoff, 1996) The 70 Online Databases that Define Our Planet (The Physics arXiv Blog, Technology Review, 3 Dec 2010) Shane Ross (Caltech Control & Dynamical Systems) Should We Return to the Moon? "The Silent Universe," by Michael J. Holmes (fiction) Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence (dir. Brian Atkins) The Singularity is Near (Ray Kurzweil) Singularity University (NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, California) Skyful of Stars (Charles Danforth) 'Smart Dust' and Solar Sails (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 16 Feb 2010) Snowstar Space Elevator Team (Steve Jones et al., UBC) Solar Sails: The Interstellar Prospect (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 4 Sep 2008) Solar System Frontier: Exploring the Heliospheric Interface from 1 AU (Mike Gruntman et al., Missions to the outer solar system and beyond, Fourth IAA Symposium on Realistic Near-Term Advanced Space Missions, Aosta, Italy, 4-6 Jul 2005) PDF Sol Station Space Access Society Space Activism Home Page Space Advocacy Organizations Space Age Home Page (Stephen Ashworth, Oxford, UK) Space and Time Warps (Stephen W. Hawking) SpaceArchitect.org (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics) Space Capitalists Space Colonisation (Anders Sandberg) Spacecraft Slideshow: Next Generation of Spacecraft SpaceDev (Jim Benson) Space Elevator (NOVA ScienceNOW, PBS, Jan 2007) The Space Elevator Blog (Ted Semon, Chicago) Space Elevator Concept (David V. Smitherman, Jr., NASA's Flight Projects Directorate at MSFC) The Space Elevator: International Conference (Institute for Scientific Research) Space Elevator: Next floor, Mars (CBC News Online, 24 Feb 2004) The Space Elevator Reference (Marc Boucher, SpaceRef) Space Elevators: An Advanced Earth-Space Infrastructure for the New Millennium (David V. Smitherman, Jr., NASA, Aug 2000) Space Elevators and other Advance Concepts (Jerome Pearson, STAR, Inc.) Space elevators: going up? (Katharine Sanderson, Nature News, 19 Oct 2007) Space Elevators, Space Hotels, and Space Tourism (Nathan Millard, 4 Aug 1998) The Space Elevator: 3rd Annual International Conference (Santa Fe, 12-15 Sep 2003) Space Enthusiasts of America (SEOA) Space Environments Ecovillage: Land Based Colony Working Site (Dmitri Donskoy) Space: The Final [Archaeological] Frontier (P. J. Capelotti, Archaeology 57:6, Nov-Dec 2004) Space Frontier File Page (Dale Gray) The Space Frontier Foundation Space Future (Patrick Collins et al., Space Futures Foundation, UK) Space Future Guide (Vic Stathopoulos, AeroSpaceGuide) SPACEHAB, Inc. Commercial Space Services Space Island Project The Space Network Space Nuclear Power: Opening the Final Frontier (Gary L. Bennett, American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Jun 2006) PDF The Space Option (The OURS Foundation) Space Policy Project (John Pike, FAS) Space Renaissance International (Adriano V. Autino et al.) SpaceRef - Future Technology Space Resources Overview (ed. Mary Fae McKay et al., NASA SP-509, 1992, updated) Space Resources Roundtable (Colorado School of Mines, Golden) Space Resources Roundtable, Statement of the (Michael Duke & G. Jeffrey Taylor, 4 Nov 2004) Space Resources Roundtable VI Program & Presentations (Colorado School of Mines, 1-3 Nov 2004) The Space Review: Essays and Commentaries about the Final Frontier (ed. Jeff Foust) Space Settlement (Al Globus, NASA) -- Ames Mirror Space Settlement (Larry Russell Kellogg) Space Settlement (Mike Combs) The Space Settlement Initiative (Alan Wasser et al.) Space Settlement Nexus (National Space Society, Washington, DC) S.P.A.C.E. Society Home Page (J. S. Hong, UK) Space Studies Institute Space Tethers at SAO (Harvard University) SpaceTethers.com (Vincent Cate) Space Tethers for Space Tourism (Nathan Millard, 25 Dec 1998) Space-Time Engineering (Anders Sandberg) Space Towers (John Piner) Space Transport (Sol Station) Space Transport Corporation (Eric Meier & Phillip Storm et al. Space 2000: Space Exploration at the Millennium (Megan R. Kemble) The Space Venturing Forum The Spaceward Foundation (Los Gatos, California) SpaceX | Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (Branden Spikes et al., El Segundo, California) The Speed of Light - A Limit on Principle? (Laro Schatzer) Spooky Spaceflight: Quantum Entanglement and Deep-Space Propulsion (Mark Waldron, Astrobiology Magazine, 7 Aug 2004) SPS (Solar Power Satellite) - Roby Space (Institute for Handling Devices and Robotics, Vienna) Spudis Lunar Resources (Paul D. Spudis, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston) Stability of phantom wormholes (Francisco S. N. Lobo, gr-qc/0506001, 31 May 2005) Stanford International Mars Program StarBooster (StarCraft Boosters, Canyon Lake, Texas) StarDrive (Internet Science Education Project) StarDrive Engineering (Mark R. Tomion, Geneva, New York) Star Drives in Science Fiction: A Catalog (Geoffrey A. Landis) Star Sailor Web Ring Starship Daedalus (Adrian E. Mann, UK) Starship Dimensions (Jeff Russell, Quispamsis, New Brunswick) Starship Modeler (John Lester & Rob Caswell) Starship Reckless (Athena Andreadis et al.) Starships.com | Spaceships, Rockets and UFO's in Art, Science, and Literature (Edward Rowles, Annapolis, Maryland) Starship, Space Colonies and the Like (The Tinderbox) Starship 2040 (NASA) Star Wars: Realities Beyond The Myth (Gloria Chang, Discovery Channel Canada) STAR WARS: Hyperspace (Curtis Saxton) Stepping-Stones to the Future of Space Exploration: A Workshop Report (Darrell R. Branscome et al., US National Research Council, 2004) Student Space Awareness Homepage Superluminal Neutrinos at OPERA Confront Pion Decay Kinematics (Ramanath Cowsik et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 251801, 16 Dec 2011) -- Pions don't want to decay into faster-than-light neutrinos, study finds (Diana Lutz, News release, Washington University in St. Louis, 23 Dec 2011) -- New Work on FTL Neutrinos (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 28 Dec 2011) A Survival Imperative for Space Colonization (John Tierney, New York Times, 17 Jul 2007) The Sustainability Solution to the Fermi Paradox (Jacob D. Haqq-Misra & Seth D. Baum, arXiv:0906.0568v1 [physics.pop-ph], 2 Jun 2009; Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 62(2):47-51, Feb 2009) -- Sustainability: The Clue That Could Solve Fermi's Paradox (physics arXiv blog, Technology Review, 4 Jun 2009) A Swarm of Probes to the Stars (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 1 Aug 2011) Synergistic Technologies Inc., Los Alamos (Gerald A. Smith et al.) Taken By The Sky: Orbital Siphon Development (Chris Davis, UK) Tau Zero Foundation (Mark G. Millis et al., Fairview Park, Ohio) Tau Zero Foundation (Paul Gilster et al., Centauri Dreams) Team Encounter: Humanity's First Starship Technologies of the Frontier (Adriano Autino et al., TdF, Tecnologie di Frontiera) Teleportation (IBM Research) Terasem Movement (Melbourne Beach, Florida) The Terraforming Information Pages (Martyn J. Fogg) Terraforming System (Joseph Michael) -- Terraforming Asteroids Tether Applictions (Joseph A. Carroll et al.) Tethers in Space Handbook (Space Tethers at SAO, Dec 1997) Tethers Unlimited (TUI) Theoretical construction of stable traversable wormholes (Peter K. F. Kuhfittig, arXiv:0903.3423v1 [gr-qc], 19 Mar 2009) The Theory of Elementary Waves (Stephen Speicher) A Theory of Microwave Propulsion for Spacecraft (Roger Shawyer, Satellite Propulsion Research, 2006) PDF Think Mars - A Business Concept for the Human Exploration of Mars (Justin Talbot-Stern et al., MIT) Thoughts on Space Elevators (Blaise Gassend, MIT) 3-D Starmaps (Winchell Chung, Project Rho) 3-D Star Maps... (Ebook, Kurt Allen Foge) Tier One / SpaceShipOne Home Page (Burt Rutan et al., Scaled Composites) Time Loops: A Talk with Paul Davies (Edge 77, 3 Nov 2000) Time Travel (Steve Preston) Time Travel Portal : An Open Discussion on Time Travel Time Travel Research Center To Mars and Beyond: Search for the Origins of Life (National Museum of Australia) To the Moon, Mars, and Beyond (Larry Russell Kellogg) To the Stars and Beyond: Hawking's Warning (Gwynne Dyer, 4 Dec 2006) To The Stars! Space Mission Database Towards 2001 and Beyond: The Next 200 Years of Space Exploration (Alex Michael Bonnici) The Transhumanist FAQ (Nick Bostrom et al.) Transhumanist Resources (Anders Sandberg) TransOrbital, Inc. (Dennis Laurie et al.) Traversable wormholes: minimum violation of null energy condition revisited (Oleg B. Zaslavskii, arXiv:0707.1487v1 [astro-ph], 10 Jul 2007) 2001: Destination Space (Tech Museum of Innovation, San Jose) 2001: A Space Odyssey - 40 Years Later: Yesterday's Tomorrow (ed. Douglas Yazell et al., AIAA-Houston Horizons, Apr 2008) PDF 2004 NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts Annual Meeting (6th Annual Meeting, Seattle, 19-20 Oct 2004) 2005 NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts Annual Meeting (7th Annual Meeting, Seattle, 10-11 Oct 2005) 2100 World Space Program 2111 Foundation for Exploration The UA/SERC Projects Page UK Students for the Exploration and Development of Space The ultimate solution to global warming: emigration (Sam Dinkin, The Space Review, 16 Jul 2007) UNISPACE III (UNOOSA) UNISPACE III - Space Generation Forum United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UN-OOSA) University of Saskatchewan Space Design Team (Clayton Ruszkowski et al.) The unphysical nature of "Warp Drive" (Michael J. Pfenning & L. H. Ford, gr-qc/9702026, 13 Feb 1997, revised) Variable-Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, NASA Johnson Space Center) VASIMR (Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket) VASIMR Plasma Rocket Technology (Andrew Petro, Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory, NASA JSC Houston, May 2002) PDF Virgin Galactic (Richard Branson et al., London) VISIONEER: VISIONEER: Envisioning a Socio Economic Knowledge Collider (ETH, Zurich) Visions of the Future (The Galaxy Page) Visualization of the [Alcubierre] Warp Drive (Daniel Weiskopf, University of Tuebingen, 16 Feb 2001) Visysphere Mars - Terraforming Meets Engineered Life Adaptation (International Space University, Strasbourg) Voyager in the Doldrums (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 15 Dec 2011) -- Update on Innovative Interstellar Explorer (Ralph McNutt, Centauri Dreams, 20 Dec 2011) Voyage to the Milky Way (Thomas Lucas, PBS) Warp Drive Formula (Kenneth Jones) The warp drive: hyper-fast travel within general relativity (Miguel Alcubierre, gr-qc/0009013, 5 Sep 2005) Warp Drives Warp Drive Today (Edward F. Halerewicz, Jr.) Warp Drive Today (Edward F. Halerewicz, Jr., 21 Mar 2001) PDF Warp Drive, When? (Marc G. Millis & David M. DeFelice, LeRC) A 'warp drive' with more reasonable total energy requirements (Chris Van Den Broeck, gr-qc/9905084, 21 May 1999, revised) West to Mars (Ken Fair et al.) -- West to Mars Resources What Role Will Extraterrestrials Play in Humanity's Future? (Allen Tough, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 39(11):491-8, Nov 1986) Why Progressives Should Care About Human Destiny in Space (Ted Daley, AlterNet, 11 Aug 2007) World Builders (Elizabeth Anne Viau, California State University, Los Angeles) Worldships: A Interview with Greg Matloff (Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams, 17 Aug 2011) World Ships: The Long Journey To The Stars (Kelvin Long, Project Icarus, 30 Aug 2011) World Transhumanist Association (Willington, Connecticut) Wormhole Induction Propulsion (Eric W. Davis, 1998) X Prize (Nature Special, 27 Sep 2004) The X Prize Foundation (Ansari X Prize) Yahoo! Groups : The Space Elevator See also Molecular Computation and Nanocomputing, Quantum Information and Computation, SETI: Other Roads, Space Policy and Security, The Space Transportation System (STS), Technological Change & Development, Timelines, and Time Travel?

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